Missouri’s Path to Legal Sports Betting
Missouri is on the brink of legalizing sports betting, with Amendment 2 paving the way for both in-person and online wagering. The amendment, approved in November 2024, allows for sports betting to become operational by December 1, 2025. However, Secretary of State Denny Hoskins believes they could launch as early as September 30 if they adhere to proposed rules. The legalization process has been a complex journey, marked by legislative struggles and public debate. The narrow approval margin of 50.1% underscores the contentious nature of this issue.
Regulatory Framework and Market Entry
The Missouri Gaming Commission will regulate the online sports betting platforms, with up to 21 licenses available. Major sportsbook operators like bet365, Fanatics Sportsbook, BetMGM, Caesars Sportsbook, ESPN BET, DraftKings, and FanDuel are expected to enter the market. Bettors must be at least 21 years old and physically located within Missouri to place a wager. The state will offer a wide range of betting options, including point spreads, moneylines, and over/under bets.
Economic and Social Impacts
The proposed tax rate of 10% on sports betting revenue is below the national average, making the market appealing to operators. A portion of the revenue will support public schools and higher education, with $5 million allocated to the state’s Compulsive Gambling Prevention Fund. The legalization is expected to create hundreds of jobs and generate tens of millions in revenue. Responsible gaming initiatives will be promoted through self-exclusion programs and collaboration with operators for responsible gambling tools.
Comparisons with Other States
Missouri’s approach to sports betting is similar to other states in the region. Kansas legalized sports betting in September 2022, offering both retail and online options. Illinois has a robust market since June 2019, while Iowa was one of the first Midwestern states to legalize in August 2019. Kentucky recently legalized in-person and mobile wagering, and Tennessee operates solely online. Arkansas allows betting at licensed casinos with both in-person and online options.
Texas and Other States’ Legalization Efforts
Texas is a major focus for potential legalization in 2025. Despite support from figures like Governor Greg Abbott and Dallas Cowboys owner Jerry Jones, previous attempts have failed. The Texas Sports Betting Alliance is lobbying for legalization, but challenges remain. Public opinion polls show significant support among Texans for legalizing online sports betting and destination resort casinos.
California’s Ongoing Struggles
In California, sports betting remains illegal despite multiple failed bills. Offshore sportsbooks offer competitive odds and markets, but no official state-licensed apps exist. The state’s legislative efforts have been hindered by opposition from local tribes, who prefer a tribal-controlled model. The failure of measures like Prop 26 and Prop 27 in Fall 2022 highlights the challenges faced in legalizing sports betting in California.
Georgia and Other States’ Updates
Georgia has also struggled to pass sports betting legislation. A bill to legalize sports betting failed in the House before Georgia’s crossover day in March 2025. No state passed legislation to approve legal sports betting in 2024, and this may be the case again in 2025. Meanwhile, Florida lawmakers have pre-filed bills to extend the prohibition against internet gambling, and Vermont and Mississippi introduced bills to reverse legalized sports betting.
Conclusion
As of now, 39 states plus Washington D.C. and Puerto Rico have legalized sports betting, covering about 68% of the U.S. population. The economic benefits of legalization are significant, with tax revenue supporting public services like education and infrastructure. As more states consider legalization, the landscape of sports betting in the United States continues to evolve, offering new opportunities and challenges for operators and bettors alike.