{"id":5691,"date":"2022-03-10T09:13:51","date_gmt":"2022-03-10T17:13:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wagers.com\/staging\/4285\/?p=5691"},"modified":"2022-03-10T09:13:51","modified_gmt":"2022-03-10T17:13:51","slug":"doj-leaves-the-door-open-to-apply-the-wire-act-to-online-gambling","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wagers.com\/staging\/4285\/news\/doj-leaves-the-door-open-to-apply-the-wire-act-to-online-gambling\/","title":{"rendered":"DOJ leaves the door open to apply the Wire Act to online gambling"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The gambling industry scored a decisive legal victory over the Trump administration\u2019s attempt to kneecap online gambling in the US \u00a0\u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/justice-departments-reversal-on-online-gambling-tracked-memo-from-adelson-lobbyists-11547854137\">at the behest of a wealthy political donor<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>The New Hampshire Lottery brought the case following a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/olc\/opinion\/reconsidering-whether-wire-act-applies-non-sports-gambling\">2018 Department of Justice opinion<\/a> that reversed a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/olc\/opinions\/2011\/09\/31\/state-lotteries-opinion.pdf\">2011 DOJ opinion<\/a> that concluded the Wire Act only applied to sports betting and not online casino games, poker, or lottery.<\/p>\n<p>But the victory wasn\u2019t absolute. The DOJ decided not to appeal the case to the Supreme Court, leaving the ambiguity of the Wire Act intact and limiting the decision to the New Hampshire Lottery and doesn\u2019t apply to other locales.<\/p>\n<p>One company, IGT, was hoping to put a final nail in the Wire Act coffin. Unfortunately, the DOJ has decided it wants to keep the Wire Act door open, as the Department of Justice recently filed a motion with a Rhode Island District Court to dismiss the follow-up case brought by IGT.<\/p>\n<h2>You Have Nothing to Worry About<\/h2>\n<p>In its filing, IGT was seeking a declaratory judgment that the 2018 Wire Act opinion \u201cis contrary to law and that the Wire Act applies only to bets or wagers on any sporting event or contest.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The DOJ asked the court to dismiss the case, citing its belief that IGT lacks standing as there is no threat of prosecution against the company.<\/p>\n<p>In its filing, the DOJ asserts:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em>\u201cTo the extent that IGT implicitly seeks to extend the benefit of favorable First Circuit precedent to other jurisdictions where it engages in non-sports gambling \u2014 jurisdictions where courts have not yet decided whether the Wire Act reaches any non-sports gambling \u2014 IGT fails to establish a credible threat of prosecution even in those jurisdictions.\u201d<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Taken at face value, the DOJ having no interest in prosecuting jurisdictions offering legal online gambling is good news. However, if you consider the history of the Wire Act in the era of online gambling, the DOJ\u2019s argument \u2013 that IGT has nothing to fear \u2013 doesn\u2019t exactly instill confidence.<\/p>\n<p>Essentially, without a Supreme Court opinion or Congress amending the Wire Act, the threat of a new administration performing another about-face remains in place.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" data-width=\"550\" data-dnt=\"true\">\n<p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">I think the law is clear. The Wire Act does not apply to non-sports betting. But you are correct that iGaming may never be free from politically motivated shenanigans.<\/p>\n<p>&mdash; John A Pappas (@yanni_dc) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/yanni_dc\/status\/1407371677277855751?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">June 22, 2021<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p>And as the gaming industry saw in 2018, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.yorkdispatch.com\/story\/news\/2019\/02\/03\/federal-opinion-virtually-destroy-online-gambling-pennsylvania-new-jersey\/39001343\/\">the fear of the unknown can unnerve lawmakers and regulators<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2>The DOJ\u2019s On-Again-Off-Again Relationship with the Wire Act<\/h2>\n<p>The DOJ has had no less than four stances on the Wire Act\u2019s applicability to online gambling since 2002, each of which deserves a brief explanation.<\/p>\n<h3>2002: The First Salvo<\/h3>\n<p>The DOJ\u2019s first foray into the Wire Act as it pertains to online gambling arena was in 2002, in <a href=\"https:\/\/gaming.nv.gov\/modules\/showdocument.aspx?documentid=28\">response to a query from Nevada regulators<\/a> about a recently passed law that opened the door for online gambling in the Silver State.<\/p>\n<p>The then-acting Assistant Attorney General in the DOJ\u2019s Criminal Division, Michael Chertoff, responded by saying, \u201c[T]he Department of Justice believes that federal law prohibits gambling over the Internet, including casino-style gambling.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>North Dakota received a similar response from the DOJ in 2005.<\/p>\n<h3>2011: The Floodgates Open<\/h3>\n<p>In 2011, in response to queries by the Illinois and New York lotteries, the Office of Legal Counsel issued an <a href=\"https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/olc\/opinions\/2011\/09\/31\/state-lotteries-opinion.pdf\">opinion<\/a> that directly contradicted the DOJ\u2019s 2002 stance.<\/p>\n<p>The 2011 opinion concludes that \u201c\u2026 interstate transmissions of wire communications that do not relate to a \u201csporting event or contest,\u201d 18 USC. \u00a7 1084(a), fall outside of the reach of the Wire Act.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The 2011 opinion led to the onset of the online gambling era in the US, with Nevada, New Jersey, and Delaware passing laws authorizing online casinos and\/or poker and several states offering online lottery products within a couple of years of the opinion.<\/p>\n<h3>2018: The DOJ\u2019s 180-Degree Pivot<\/h3>\n<p>A second OLC opinion issued in 2018 returned the DOJ\u2019s Wire Act position to pre-2011. The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/olc\/file\/1121531\/download\">new opinion<\/a>, believed to be the work of anti-online gambling stalwart Sheldon Adelson, was immediately challenged, as the number of online gambling and lottery states had grown since the first wave in 2012-2013.<\/p>\n<p>The ensuing lawsuit filed by the New Hampshire Lottery and its supplier NeoPollard, made its way through the court system, beginning with the United States District Court for the District of New Hampshire. The plaintiffs scored a decisive victory from District Court Judge Paul Barbadoro and later <a href=\"https:\/\/www.playpennsylvania.com\/new-wire-act-ruling-good-for-online-poker\/\">the First Circuit Court of Appeals<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>As noted, the DOJ had the opportunity to appeal the decision, thereby bringing the case before the Supreme Court. Had the Supreme Court taken the case, it would have provided a permanent solution, but the Biden administration decided not to pursue the case it inherited.<\/p>\n<h3>2021: Nothing to Worry About\u2026 For Now<\/h3>\n<p>There was no official opinion from the DOJ in 2021. Still, the Department\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/pokerfuse.com\/news\/industry\/215738-breaking-doj-declines-appeal-wire-act-case-several-states\/\">unwillingness to appeal the First Circuit Court of Appeals decision<\/a> to the Supreme Court created the strange situation IGT\u2019s suit sought to clarify.<\/p>\n<p>That situation is one where the current DOJ has accepted failure and can\u2019t\/won\u2019t enforce the 2018 opinion. Still, a subsequent DOJ could decide to enforce the opinion (and restart legal battles), or write yet another opinion on the Wire Act, thereby restarting the whole process.<\/p>\n<h2>All Evidence Points to a Positive Outcome<\/h2>\n<p>The industry was well-equipped to push back against the 2018 opinion, and the First Circuit ruling gives the industry even more ammunition to fight a future, negative DOJ opinion.<\/p>\n<p>All that said, the 2018 opinion was a politically-motivated and amateurishly argued assault that can be easily improved upon by more sincere players.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" data-width=\"550\" data-dnt=\"true\">\n<p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">the 2018 opinion was thrown together pretty haphazardly. Any of us could play devil&#39;s advocate and present a better argument.<\/p>\n<p>&mdash; Steve Ruddock (@SteveRuddock) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/SteveRuddock\/status\/1407378752401809412?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">June 22, 2021<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<h2>But What About Sports Betting?<\/h2>\n<p>Somehow the Wire Act (as a negative force) has become synonymous with online casinos, online poker, and online lottery. The arguments are almost philosophical, as they revolve around comma placement and what one of the most terribly worded laws does and doesn\u2019t cover.<\/p>\n<p>Yet the type of gambling it clearly covers is never mentioned, sports betting, and it\u2019s not out of the realm of possibility that any interstate communications between sportsbooks, or even something as innocuous as customers accessing their accounts from out of state could trigger some form of legal backlash.<\/p>\n<h2>Upshot<\/h2>\n<p>The Wire Act will remain an obstacle to legal, regulated online casinos and poker in the US, as it provides a convenient excuse for lawmakers to dismiss legalization efforts. It\u2019s also a potential ticking timebomb for the current sports betting landscape.<\/p>\n<p>The simple solution is for Congress to rewrite this antiquated and incomprehensible law for the 21<sup>st<\/sup> Century. Of course, letting Congress \u201cfix\u201d the Wire Act could result in even bigger problems.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The gambling industry scored a decisive legal victory over the Trump administration\u2019s attempt to kneecap online gambling in the US \u00a0\u2013 at the behest of a wealthy political donor. The New Hampshire Lottery brought the case following a 2018 Department of Justice opinion that reversed a 2011 DOJ opinion that concluded the Wire Act only [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[324],"tags":[1067],"class_list":["post-5691","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news","tag-wire-act"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wagers.com\/staging\/4285\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5691","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wagers.com\/staging\/4285\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wagers.com\/staging\/4285\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wagers.com\/staging\/4285\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/24"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wagers.com\/staging\/4285\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5691"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/wagers.com\/staging\/4285\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5691\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5692,"href":"https:\/\/wagers.com\/staging\/4285\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5691\/revisions\/5692"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wagers.com\/staging\/4285\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5691"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wagers.com\/staging\/4285\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5691"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wagers.com\/staging\/4285\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5691"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}